Electricity

Basic Electronics
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requirements and first aid for working around electricity, voltage, current,

resistance, Ohm's law, and the color codes for resistors.

In the succeeding task, we will cover the different types of circuits, the

means of measuring and computing voltage, and current of batteries,

especially those in a series-parallel circuit.

Electricity

a. Composition of Matter. Matter is defined as anything that occupies

space and has weight; that is, the weight and dimensions of all matter can

be measured. Examples of matter include air, water, automobiles, clothing,

and even our own bodies. Therefore, we can say that matter may be found in

any one of three states: solid, liquid, and gaseous.

All material substances, solids, liquids, and gases, are made up of tiny

particles known as atoms. Atoms combine in small groups of two or more to

form molecules.

Atoms can be further subdivided into smaller particles,

some of which have positive electrical charges and others which have

negative electrical charges. The atoms of different material substances are

discussed in the following paragraphs.

(1) There are over 100 different basic materials in the universe.

These basic materials are called elements.

Iron is one element, copper,

aluminum, oxygen, hydrogen, and mercury are other elements. An element gets

its name from the fact that it cannot be broken down easily into simpler (or

more elemental) substances.

In other words, these 100 basic elements are

the building materials from which the universe is made. Close study of any

one of these elements reveals that it is made up of those same basic

particles, having a positive or a negative electrical charge.

(2) The basic particles that make up all the elements, and thus the

universe, are called protons, electrons, and neutrons. A proton is a basic